Publication
National energy system models play a crucial role in climate policy. However, they often overlook environmental impacts beyond territorial greenhouse gas emissions. Here we evaluate a territorial net-zero carbon dioxide emissions energy scenario for Switzerland coupled with life cycle assessment to quantify non-domestic environmental burdens. We highlight the limitations of
National energy system models play a crucial role in climate policy. However, they often overlook environmental impacts beyond territorial greenhouse gas emissions. Here we evaluate a territorial net-zero carbon dioxide emissions energy scenario for Switzerland coupled with life cycle assessment to quantify non-domestic environmental burdens. We highlight the limitations of considering only territorial emissions. Indeed, even if domestic greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to net zero by 2050, 2 to 5 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year persist abroad due to imports and energy-related infrastructure. These extra-territorial emissions are influenced by global climate policies. Additionally, broadening the scope of environmental indicators is crucial as more countries pursue net-zero goals. Our findings highlight trade-offs, showing how environmental impacts other than those on climate change (ecosystem impacts, air pollution, natural resource use) could increase and shift beyond Switzerland as the country electrifies its economy.
Hahn Menacho, A.J., Sacchi, R., Bauer, C. et al. (2025) The global environmental footprint of Switzerland’s net-zero energy system uncovers impacts abroad. Commun Earth Environ 6, 266