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2021 RIVM report charts emissions of air pollutants in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2019

The 2021 Informative Inventory Report (IIR) by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) describes the Dutch emission data on transboundary air pollutants for the 1990–2019 period. The report describes Dutch emission trends and levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),

The 2021 Informative Inventory Report (IIR) by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) describes the Dutch emission data on transboundary air pollutants for the 1990–2019 period. The report describes Dutch emission trends and levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), over the 1990–2019 period. For almost all these substances (except NH3), emission levels decreased significantly, since 1990. This can be attributed, in particular, to cleaner fuels, cleaner car engines and emission reductions in industry. The report describes the observed trends in emissions, contains an assessment of the main emission sources and highlights the uncertainty related to their emission levels, states clearly the methods and data sources used, as well as the emission factors applied.

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A harmonised dataset for Earth system foundation models

Foundation models for Earth systems have so far been trained primarily on physical climate and weather data, with limited representation of the human systems that both drive and respond to environmental change. The lack of a unified global training resource that combines climate, land, ocean, cryosphere, infrastructure, hazards, and socioeconomic